/ bin / ip 命令已经存在了一段时间。但是人们继续使用旧命令/ sbin / ifconfig。让我们清楚一点：ifconfig不会很快消失，但是它的较新版本ip更加强大，最终将取代它。
ip 的手册页乍看起来可能令人生畏，但是一旦您熟悉了命令语法，就很容易阅读。该页面不会介绍ip的新功能。而是比较ifconfig和ip命令以快速了解命令语法。
目录导航
显示网络设备和配置
ifconfig
[root@gbase_rh7_002 gbase]# ifconfig
enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.2.102 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.2.255
inet6 fe80::4a75:17a4:8122:823f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:00:27:12:27:16 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 623 bytes 61090 (59.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 574 bytes 77959 (76.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 10355 bytes 1053386 (1.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 10355 bytes 1053386 (1.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:4a:d6:8a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ip addr show ip link show
[root@gbase_rh7_002 gbase]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:12:27:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.2.102/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global enp0s3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::4a75:17a4:8122:823f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:4a:d6:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:4a:d6:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@gbase_rh7_002 gbase]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:12:27:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:4a:d6:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:4a:d6:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@gbase_rh7_002 gbase]#
启用网络接口
ifconfig eth0 up
ip link set eth0 up
网络接口以类似的方式被禁用：
ifconfig eth0 down
ip link set eth0 down
设置IP地址
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.77
ip address add 192.168.0.77 dev eth0
这是命令的简单版本。通常，还需要指定网络掩码或广播地址。以下示例显示了ifconfig和ip 变体。
不用说，网络掩码也可以CIDR表示法给出，例如192.168.0.77/24。
ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.77 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
ip addr add 192.168.0.77/24 broadcast 192.168.0.255 dev eth0
[root@rh6-1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:30:04:2f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.2.201/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe30:42f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether 52:54:00:f9:e5:9e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:f9:e5:9e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@rh6-1 ~]# ip address add 10.0.2.251 dev eth0 label eth0:1
[root@rh6-1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:30:04:2F
inet addr:10.0.2.201 Bcast:10.0.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe30:42f/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1173 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1317 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:102138 (99.7 KiB) TX bytes:117246 (114.4 KiB)
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:30:04:2F
inet addr:10.0.2.251 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:3921 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3921 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:403061 (393.6 KiB) TX bytes:403061 (393.6 KiB)
virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:F9:E5:9E
inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@rh6-1 ~]#删除IP地址
使用ip也可以删除地址：
ip addr del 192.168.0.77/24 dev eth0
添加别名界面
ifconfig eth0:1 10.0.0.1/8
ip addr add 10.0.0.1/8 dev eth0 label eth0:1
ARP协议
在您的ARP表中添加一个条目。
arp -i eth0 -s 192.168.0.1 00:11:22:33:44:55
ip neigh add 192.168.0.1 lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 nud permanent dev eth0
交换机ARP解析关闭一台设备上
ifconfig -arp eth0
ip link set dev eth0 arp off
显示路由表
route
ip route show
ip路由的 一个不错的功能是可以查询到给定IP地址的数据包将路由到哪个接口（和网关）。
ip route get 192.168.88.77
更改路由表
在接口上添加路由的命令非常相似：
route add -net 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth3
ip route add 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth3
这同样适用于从路由表中删除条目：
route del -net 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth3
ip route del 192.168.3.0/24 dev eth3
为了完整起见，添加网关的命令：
route add -net 192.168.4.0/24 gw 192.168.4.1
ip route add 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.4.1
这也可以与dev eth3接口结合使用。
添加VLAN接口
添加VLAN的命令比使用旧版vconfig工具的命令稍长，但是不需要安装其他工具。
vconfig add eth3 42
ip link add link eth3 name eth3.42 type vlan id 42