南大通用GBase 8a 在V95版本对表自增列auto_increment的支持样例

发表于 作者 laozizhu

GBase 8a数据库集群，从一开始就不支持主键，外键，唯一键等，同时因为技术原因，也没有支持自增列。 在V95版本里，第一次正式支持了自增列，但也有一些限制，特别是不保证数值连续。如果用户非常关心连续性，请在原始数据里包含计算好的列值。

参考

GBase 8a自增列不允许insert报错auto_increment column should not be specified in insert

自增列关键字 auto_increment

如下是一个测试表，其中自增列，比如是一个主键 ，所以要和 primary key auto_increment 一起使用。否则会报错。

gbase> create table t_autoinc(id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(100));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (Elapsed: 00:00:00.83)

gbase> show create table t_autoinc;
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table     | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t_autoinc | CREATE TABLE "t_autoinc" (
  "id" int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  "name" varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY ("id")
) ENGINE=EXPRESS DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 TABLESPACE='sys_tablespace' |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.00)

gbase> create table t_autoinc(id int auto_increment, name varchar(100));
ERROR 1050 (42S01): Table 't_autoinc' already exists
gbase> create table t_autoinc2(id int auto_increment, name varchar(100));
ERROR 1702 (HY000): gcluster table error: Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it must be defined as a key.

集群规模

是3个节点

[gbase@localhost ~]$ gcadmin
CLUSTER STATE:         ACTIVE
VIRTUAL CLUSTER MODE:  NORMAL

=============================================================
|           GBASE COORDINATOR CLUSTER INFORMATION           |
=============================================================
|   NodeName   | IpAddress  | gcware | gcluster | DataState |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| coordinator1 | 10.0.2.102 |  OPEN  |   OPEN   |     0     |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| coordinator2 | 10.0.2.202 |  OPEN  |   OPEN   |     0     |
-------------------------------------------------------------
| coordinator3 | 10.0.2.203 |  OPEN  |   OPEN   |     0     |
-------------------------------------------------------------
=========================================================================================================
|                                    GBASE DATA CLUSTER INFORMATION                                     |
=========================================================================================================
| NodeName |                IpAddress                 | DistributionId | gnode | syncserver | DataState |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  node1   |                10.0.2.102                |       3        | OPEN  |    OPEN    |     0     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  node2   |                10.0.2.202                |       3        | OPEN  |    OPEN    |     0     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  node3   |                10.0.2.203                |       3        | OPEN  |    OPEN    |     0     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

insert value插入数据

可以看到id列确实是自增的，但数值并没有连续。原因就是数据库是3个节点，而insert values 方式插入数据是选择一个节点，所以本来分配个其它2个节点的id编号，丢失了。

gbase> select * from t_autoinc;
Empty set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.34)

gbase> insert into t_autoinc (name) values ('First'),('Second'),('Third');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (Elapsed: 00:00:00.55)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

gbase> select * from t_autoinc;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | First  |
|  4 | Second |
|  7 | Third  |
+----+--------+
3 rows in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.03)

获得自增列的值

只能得到上次操作的自增列的值，从每个节点返回last_insert_id，选择最小的返回。所以对于insert values单值时最有效。<=0表示无效。

如下是3计算节点集群的效果。

gbase> insert into t3_inc (name) values('t3_first');
Query OK, 1 row affected (Elapsed: 00:00:00.13)

gbase> select last_insert_id();
+------------------+
| last_insert_id() |
+------------------+
|                2 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.00)

gbase> insert into t3_inc (name) values('t3_first'),('333'),('444');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (Elapsed: 00:00:00.10)

gbase> select last_insert_id();
+------------------+
| last_insert_id() |
+------------------+
|                3 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.00)

gbase> select * from t3_inc;
+----+----------+
| id | name     |
+----+----------+
|  1 | t3_first |
|  2 | t3_first |
|  3 | t3_first |
|  6 | 333      |
|  9 | 444      |
+----+----------+
5 rows in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.01)

load 加载方式入库

构造一份数据，目前3个节点，我们先构造个3的整倍数。

cat /home/gbase/inc.txt
AAAA
BBBB
CCCC

加载，看结果

其中 id列是自增列，不允许加载，所以我们用table_fields 指定我们只加载name列。可以看到加载的本次数据id是自增的。

gbase> load data infile 'sftp://gbase:gbase1234@10.0.2.102/home/gbase/inc.txt' into table t_autoinc fields terminated by ',' table_fields 'name';
Query OK, 3 rows affected (Elapsed: 00:00:01.26)
Task 10245 finished, Loaded 3 records, Skipped 0 records

gbase> select * from t_autoinc;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | First  |
|  4 | Second |
|  7 | Third  |
|  8 | BBBB   |
|  9 | CCCC   |
| 10 | AAAA   |
+----+--------+
6 rows in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.03)

构造不是3的整倍数的数据，加载多次

可以看到ID确实是增加的，但及时在一次加载内部，也不保证是连续的。

cat /home/gbase/inc.txt
AAAA
BBBB
CCCC
DDDDDD

gbase> load data infile 'sftp://gbase:gbase1234@10.0.2.102/home/gbase/inc.txt' into table t_autoinc fields terminated by ',' table_fields 'name';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (Elapsed: 00:00:01.34)
Task 10246 finished, Loaded 4 records, Skipped 0 records

gbase> select * from t_autoinc;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | First  |
|  4 | Second |
|  7 | Third  |
|  8 | BBBB   |
| 11 | CCCC   |
|  9 | CCCC   |
| 12 | AAAA   |
| 15 | DDDDDD |
| 10 | AAAA   |
| 13 | BBBB   |
+----+--------+
10 rows in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.03)

gbase> load data infile 'sftp://gbase:gbase1234@10.0.2.102/home/gbase/inc.txt' into table t_autoinc fields terminated by ',' table_fields 'name';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (Elapsed: 00:00:01.32)
Task 10247 finished, Loaded 4 records, Skipped 0 records

gbase> select * from t_autoinc;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  9 | CCCC   |
| 12 | AAAA   |
| 15 | DDDDDD |
| 17 | CCCC   |
| 10 | AAAA   |
| 13 | BBBB   |
| 18 | AAAA   |
| 21 | DDDDDD |
|  1 | First  |
|  4 | Second |
|  7 | Third  |
|  8 | BBBB   |
| 11 | CCCC   |
| 16 | BBBB   |
+----+--------+
14 rows in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.04)

gbase> select * from t_autoinc order by id;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | First  |
|  4 | Second |
|  7 | Third  |
|  8 | BBBB   |
|  9 | CCCC   |
| 10 | AAAA   |
| 11 | CCCC   |
| 12 | AAAA   |
| 13 | BBBB   |
| 15 | DDDDDD |
| 16 | BBBB   |
| 17 | CCCC   |
| 18 | AAAA   |
| 21 | DDDDDD |
+----+--------+
14 rows in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.37)

加载相关其它信息，请参考

http://www.gbase8.cn/?tag=%e5%8a%a0%e8%bd%bd

注意事项

  • 集群层的自增列，不能指定起始值，基值，步长等参数，由集群自动维护。单机可以。
  • 自增列必须是整数类型，tinyint,smallint,int,bigint中的一种。
  • 集群自增列，不保证连续。
  • 自增列的表，不支持insert 并发，从表锁升级为独占写锁，避免并发自增列的值重复。
  • 每次DML操作前，都会获得所有节点自增列的当前最大值，估计是保存在元数据里。类似从gnode的tables表auto_increment列查询到。
[gbase@gbase_rh7_001 gcluster]$ gncli

GBase client 9.5.2.44.1045e3118. Copyright (c) 2004-2022, GBase.  All Rights Reserved.

gbase> select table_name,auto_increment from information_schema.tables where auto_increment is not null;
+------------+----------------+
| table_name | auto_increment |
+------------+----------------+
| time_zone  |              0 |
| t2_inc_n1  |              1 |
| t2_inc_n3  |              0 |
| t3_inc_n1  |              1 |
| t3_inc_n3  |              0 |
| t_inc_n1   |            101 |
| t_inc_n3   |              0 |
+------------+----------------+
7 rows in set (Elapsed: 00:00:00.19)
Post Views: 1,153

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